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Is was in the French and American wars of the eighteenth century that the British navy grew to be so powerful that after the battle of Trafalgar in 1805 it became invincible. Much of the work allotted to the navy was the blockade of ports and estuaries. Good numerical codes were invaluable for passing on more complex or specific orders.

The code flags of 1790, indicated numbers form 0 to 9 with a substitute that repeated the flag immediately above. Later, another substitute flag came into use that repeated the top flag in the hoist. There were also a number of other flags with specific uses. One advantage of code flags is that the numbers can be changed and this was done in 1803 after short Peace of Amiens. Popham’s Telegraph flag of 1800 added a new dimension to the system. When this was flown with a hoist then a separate code book was used which added greatly to the stock of words and phrases.

The signal that brought the concept to public knowledge was Nelson’s famous signal at Trafalgar ‘England Expects That Every Man Will Do His Duty’. This used admiral Popham’s Telegraph Code and a certain amount of ingenuity. The long war and constant danger, in which merchant ships found themselves, showed up the need for a merchant ship signaling system.


Pirken-hammer porcelain plates 19, 24, 26, 30 cm	Is was in the French and American wars of the eighteenth century that the British navy grew to be so powerful that after the battle of Trafalgar in 1805 it became invincible. Much of the work allotted to the navy was the blockade of ports and estuaries. Good numerical codes were invaluable for passing on more complex or specific orders. The code flags of 1790, indicated numbers form 0 to 9 with a substitute that repeated the flag immediately above. Later, another substitute flag came into use that repeated the top flag in the hoist. There were also a number of other flags with specific uses. One advantage of code flags is that the numbers can be changed and this was done in 1803 after short Peace of Amiens. Popham’s Telegraph flag of 1800 added a new dimension to the system. When this was flown with a hoist then a separate code book was used which added greatly to the stock of words and phrases. The signal that brought the concept to public knowledge was Nelson’s famous signal at Trafalgar ‘England Expects That Every Man Will Do His Duty’. This used admiral Popham’s Telegraph Code and a certain amount of ingenuity. The long war and constant danger, in which merchant ships found themselves, showed up the need for a merchant ship signaling system.





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